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Nitrobenzene

Topic editor
Sean Foley
Lead author
Sean Foley



Just the facts

Physical Information
Name: Nitrobenzene
CAS No: 98-95-3
Trade Names: Caswell No. 600
Use: industrial chemical intermediary

Overview

Nitrobenzene is an widely used industrial chemical used primarily to manufacture the chemical aniline (ATSDR ToxFAQs). It is a neurotoxicant and thought to be a likely Carcinogens.


Chemical Description

Specifics
Melting Point: 5.7 degrees C
Boiling Point: 210.8 degrees C
Color: Yellow
Odor: bitter almonds, show polish
Molecular Weight: 123.11

At room temperature, the chemical is a yellow viscous liquid

Uses

The vast majority (97.5%) of nitrobenzene in use is used in the captive production of Aniline which, in turn, is used in the production of polyuerethanes. It is also used as a solvent in [petroleum] refining, producing [acetate], as a perfume for soaps, a solvent in show dyes, and in the synthesis of Acetaminophen (ATSDR Toxicological Profile).

Health Effects

Nitrobenzene is a mild irritant of the skin and eyes if they come into contact with the chemical. Chronic exposure to nitrobenzene can lead to methemoglobinemia, a condition which affects the blood's ability to carry oxygen. This condition can lead the skin to turn a bluish color and also lead to nausea, vomiting, and shortness of breath (ATSDR ToxFAQs). Liver damage may also be a byproduct of breathing in large quantities of nitrobenzene.
Nitrobenzene is now thought to be a likely Carcinogens (US Department of HHS).

External Links and References