Poly(oxy - 1,2 - ethanediyl), .alpha. -                   hydro - .omega. - hydroxy - , mono - C8 - 10 - alkyl ethers, phosphates
 
CAS#- 68130-47-2

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Sodium hydroxide (Na(OH))

CAS#- 1310-73-2

• Listed as a suspected respiratory toxicant (EDF)
• Several reports have found cancer in the esophagus years after exposure to concentrations of chemical that cause tissue damage. Chemical may not be a carcinogen but the effects of the damage it causes may cause cancer. (ASTDR)
• Very corrosive (ASTDR)
• Can cause skin and eye burns. Skin burns are of 2nd and 3rd degree. Permanent eye damage and even blindness are possible. (NJ Fsheet)
• Inhaling high concentrations can cause build of fluid in lungs, bronchitis, and lead to permanent lung damage (NJ Fsheet)
• Exposure associated with toxic pneumotitis (Haz-map)


• Irritant to mouth, nose, eyes, throat, and skin (HSDB) 
• Effects from skin exposure may not appear until several hours after (ASTDR) 

• In fish toxicity tests, burns occurred on external gills, lots of mucous formed, and fish dies from respiratory organ destruction (IUCLID) 
• Chronic exposure of guppies to chemical caused decreased survival rate, weight gain, and fertility (HSDB)


• When in contact with water the chemical generates a lot of heat
• EPA concluded that it is only slightly toxic to aquatic environment. Toxicity is due to chemical changing pH of water
• Listed as not acutely toxic to fish (PANNA)

1 - Propanaminium, 3 - amino - N - (carboxymethyl) - N,N - dimethyl -, N-coco acyl derivs., inner salts
 
CAS#- 61789-40-0

• Listed as a suspected immunotixcant and skin or sense organ toxicant (EDF)                        


ANIMAL STUDIES                                                                                                                                       
• In a study, rats fed an undiluted dose of the chemical experienced salivation, diarrhea, and decreased activity. Effects are greater as dose increases. (EPA)
○ All females died while all males eventually recovered. (EPA)
○ LD50 for male rats is greater than 1.8 g/kg of body weight (EPA)

ANIMAL STUDIES
• In tests, LC50 for zebrafish over 96 hours exposure was 6.7mg/L (EPA)
• In a study on the effects to freshwater fish, all fish died during the fist 24 hours of exposure to 8mg/L water. Before death they showed a decrease in mobility and breathing difficulties (EPA)
• In tests, EC50 for water fleas over a 24 hour exposure was 3.7 mg/L (EPA)

Ethanol, 2,2'- iminobis -

CAS#-111-42-2

• Exposure associated with asthma (Haz-map)
• Listed as a kidney toxin in occuational settings (Haz-map)
• May cause skin burns at high concentrations (Haz-map)

• May cause skin allergy. If allergy develops, very low future exposure can cause itching and a skin rash (NJ Fsheet)
• Slight irritation of skin and mucous membranes (HSDB)
○ Mild irritation only in concentrations above 5%
○ The higher the concentration the worse the injury
• Repeated exposure may impair vision and denature skin 
• National Fire Protection Association Rating- 1 (HSDB)
○ Materials that, on exposure, would cause irritation, but only minor residual injury, including those requiring the use of an approved air-purifying respirator. These materials are only slightly hazardous to health and only breathing protection is needed.

ANIMAL STUDIES
• In animal studies, oral exposure has shown testicular degeneration (EPA)
• Chronic oral exposure in animal studies has shown impacts on liver, kidney, blood, central nervous system (EPA)  


• In studies exposing rats and mice to the chemical through their skin, the rats displayed no carcinogenic effects, while the mice did (EPA)

• Low biodegradability in seawater might promote potential long-term toxicity effects towards aquatic organisms. (Libralato et al.)


• Half-life ranges from a couple days to a few weeks
• Listed as not acutely toxic to crustaceans, fish, and zooplankton (PANNA)

Poly(oxy - 1,2 - ethanediyl), .alpha. - (nonylphenyl) - .omega. - hydroxy -
 
CAS#- 9016-45-9

• Suspected endocrine toxicant (EDF)


ANIMAL STUDIES
• Eye irritant in rabbits (p. 4) (EPA HS)
• Mild dermal irritation in rabbit; no dermal corrosivity (EPA HS)

• Expected to absorb to suspended solids or sediment (HSDB)
• Listed as moderately toxic to fish and zooplankton (PANNA)
• Listed as slightly toxic to molluscs and crustaceans (PANNA)

1,2- Propanediol (Propylene Glycol)

CAS#- 57-55-6

• Listed as a suspected immunotoxicant, neurotoxicant, respiratory toxicant, and skin and sense organ toxicant (EDF)   
• Chronic exposure to propylene glycol may cause lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia, stupor, and seizures. (HSDB)
• Chronic: Exposure to large doses may cause central nervous system depression. Chronic ingestion may cause lactic acidosis and possible seizures. Exposures to propylene glycol having no adverse effects on the mother should have no effect on the fetus. Birth defects are unlikely. In animal studies, propylene glycol has been shown not to interfere with reproduction.  (MSDS)


• Frequent skin exposure to propylene glycol can sometimes irritate the skin. (ASTDR) 
• Propylene glycol increases the amount of acid in the body. However, large amounts of propylene glycol are needed to cause this effect. (ASTDR)
• Propylene glycol breaks down at the same rate as ethylene glycol, although it does not form harmful crystals when it breaks down. (ASTDR)

From the MSDS:
• Eye: May cause slight transient injury.
• Skin: May be absorbed through damaged or abraded skin in harmful amounts. Allergic reactions have been reported.
         • A single prolonged skin exposure is not likely to result in the material being absorbed in harmful amounts.
         • Prolonged contact is essentially non-irritating to skin. Repeated exposures may cause problems.
         • Negative results have consistently been obtained in guinea pigs studies for sensitization.
         • 1,2-Propylene glycol is not considered an occupational skin sensitizer.
• Ingestion: May cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Low hazard for usual industrial handling.
        • May cause hemoglobinuric nephrosis. May cause changes in surface EEG.
• Inhalation: Low hazard for usual industrial handling. Inhalation of a mist of this material may cause respiratory tract irritation.
• Material has a low vapor pressure at room temperature, so exposure to vapor is not likely.

• Not likely to exist in large amounts in the air (ASTDR)
• It will break down within several days to a week in water and soil (ASTDR)
• Not expected to absorb to suspended solids (HSDB)

NOKOMIS 3-AA

34.22 ppm

20.16 ppm

No. 2 Fuel Oil

22.5 ppm

11.07 ppm

NOKOMIS 3-AA and No. 2 Fuel Oil

7.03 ppm

5.56 ppm

Prudhoe Bay Crude

63.20%

S. Louisiana Crude

65.70%